NANOTOXICOLOGY: STATE AND INVESTIGATION PERSPECTIVES

M.G.Prodanchuk, G.M.Balan

Different substances in the form of nanoparticles (NP) are obtaining the new properties and biologic effects that are unusual and not seen with larger particles. In this review we summarize findings from a toxicity NP: titanium oxide, zinc, silver, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, copper, iron, asbestos, nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes and ctr. Nanotubes can gain deposit by means of transcytosis and diffusion into skin layers, respiratory system and others. We accentuate the NP ability to penetrate the structures of central and peripheral nervous system using axonal transport mechanism. Summarising data according to membranotoxicity, cytotoxicity, pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory, genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of NP are presented in the review. The properties of NP that influence toxicity include: chemical composition, size, solubility, shape, surface area, surface charge and so on. Insoluble NP <20 nm diameter have more toxic properties and more biopersistant as they unrecognizable for phagocytes. Finally, it was discussed the assessment principles of NP toxicity and potential environmental an occupational risk and accentuated the absence of a regulatory framework to assess risks and hygienic standarts.

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